Chord Progression
i-♭VI-♭VII-i chord progression
a.k.a. Andalusian Rock
Aeolian rock pattern; metal anthem flavor.
The shape
i — ♭VI — ♭VII — i
In real keys
The chords, key by key.
Built on the minor scale, so it lives in the 15 minor keys. Every chord below links to its own page — shapes on six instruments, audio, and the mistakes to avoid. Hit play to hear the whole cycle.
All 15 keys
Need a key that is not listed? Use the transposer.
Analysis
What each numeral is doing.
Roman numerals name a chord by its position in the key rather than by its letter, which is why one progression works in every key. Uppercase is major, lowercase is minor, ° is diminished, ø is half-diminished, and a leading ♭ lowers the root a semitone.
- i
Tonic
Home. Everything is measured against it and everything wants to return to it.
- ♭VI
Submediant
The relative minor. Same notes as the tonic, opposite mood.
- ♭VII
Leading tone
Unstable by construction — a dominant chord with its root chopped off.
Heard it before
Songs built on i-♭VI-♭VII-i.
- Smoke on the Water
- All Along the Watchtower
Why it works
The reason it sticks.
Aeolian rock pattern; metal anthem flavor. The memorable part is the motion: each chord pulls toward the next in a way that feels both surprising and inevitable, and the cycle closes cleanly enough that you can loop it for three minutes without anyone getting bored.
Once the i-♭VI-♭VII-i pattern is in your ear you will start hearing it everywhere. That is not a coincidence — writers reach for it because the tension-and-release shape is doing the emotional work before the melody even arrives. Change the key and nothing about that changes; only the letters do.
Next
Related rock progressions
FAQ
Questions people actually ask.
What is the i-♭VI-♭VII-i Chord Progression?
i-♭VI-♭VII-i is a progression built on the i, bVI, bVII, i scale degrees of any minor key. Aeolian rock pattern; metal anthem flavor.
What are the i-♭VI-♭VII-i chords in A Minor?
In A Minor the progression is Am – F – G – Am. The same shape transposes to all 15 minor keys.
Which songs use the i-♭VI-♭VII-i progression?
Smoke on the Water, All Along the Watchtower all use the i-♭VI-♭VII-i progression in some form.
Is the i-♭VI-♭VII-i progression hard to play?
Difficulty: intermediate. The 4-bar cycle repeats predictably, so once the chord shapes are under your fingers the progression flows on its own.
Can I transpose i-♭VI-♭VII-i to another key?
Yes — that is the point of roman-numeral analysis. Every key on this page is the same progression; pick the one that suits your voice or your open chords.