chordslol

Free printable reference

Key Signature Chart

All 15 major and 15 minor key signatures, with the sharps and flats in order.

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Sharp keys

MajorRelative minorIn order
C majorA minor0
G majorE minor1F♯
D majorB minor2F♯ C♯
A majorF♯ minor3F♯ C♯ G♯
E majorC♯ minor4F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
B majorG♯ minor5F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
F♯ majorD♯ minor6F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
C♯ majorA♯ minor7F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯

Flat keys

MajorRelative minorIn order
F majorD minor1B♭
B♭ majorG minor2B♭ E♭
E♭ majorC minor3B♭ E♭ A♭
A♭ majorF minor4B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭
D♭ majorB♭ minor5B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭
G♭ majorE♭ minor6B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭
C♭ majorA♭ minor7B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ F♭

Order of accidentals

Sharps: F C G D A E B — “Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle”. Flats are the same letters backwards: B E A D G C F — BEAD, then Greatest Common Factor. A signature never skips one, so five flats is always B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭.

Naming a signature at sight

Sharp keys: the last sharp sits one semitone below the tonic — four sharps ending on D♯ means E major. Flat keys: the second-to-last flat names the key — B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ means A♭ major. F major is the exception you memorise.

Relatives & enharmonics

Every major shares its signature with the minor three semitones below — C major with A minor. Three pairs sound identical but are spelled differently: B/C♭, F♯/G♭ and C♯/D♭. Fifteen signatures, twelve sounds.